How to Tell Real Amber from Fake: A Comprehensive Guide
Amber, fossilized tree resin, is a beautiful and sought-after gemstone. Unfortunately, its popularity has led to a surge in imitations. Knowing how to distinguish real amber from its counterfeits is crucial, whether you're a collector, jeweler, or simply a discerning buyer. This guide will equip you with the knowledge and techniques to confidently identify authentic amber.
What are the common ways to test if amber is real?
There are several methods you can employ to determine the authenticity of amber, each with varying levels of effectiveness. Some are simple tests you can perform at home, while others require specialized equipment. Let's explore the most reliable techniques.
1. The Saltwater Test:
This is a classic, easy-to-perform test. Amber has a lower density than saltwater, meaning it will float.
- How to do it: Mix a solution of 1 part salt to 2 parts water (by volume). Carefully place the amber piece into the solution. If it floats, it's a strong indicator that it might be real amber. However, some imitations might also float, so this test shouldn't be relied upon solely.
2. The Heat Test (Use Caution!):
This method involves applying heat to the amber. Real amber will warm slowly and release a characteristic piney scent. Caution: Excessive heat can damage the amber. Only perform this test on a small, inconspicuous area.
- How to do it: Gently rub the amber against your teeth. Real amber will feel slightly sticky. Alternatively, you can very briefly hold a needle or pin to the amber's surface using a lighter. Real amber will warm, not melt. A pungent pine scent should be released. Never hold a flame directly to amber.
3. The UV Light Test:
Many types of amber fluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) light, exhibiting a bluish or greenish glow. However, this is not a foolproof test, as some fakes can also fluoresce.
- How to do it: Use a UV light (available from jewelry supply stores or online) and observe the amber under both short-wave (254nm) and long-wave (365nm) UV. Note any fluorescence and compare it to known authentic amber samples if possible.
4. Examining the Inclusions:
Real amber often contains inclusions – tiny insects, plant matter, or bubbles trapped within the resin during its formation. These inclusions are often irregular and three-dimensional, not uniformly distributed as in some fakes. Examining these inclusions with a magnifying glass can provide valuable clues.
5. The Professional Appraisal:
For high-value pieces or when you need absolute certainty, a professional gemologist or amber expert is the best resource. They have access to sophisticated testing equipment and extensive knowledge to conclusively identify authentic amber.
What are some common imitations of amber?
Many materials are used to imitate amber. Common counterfeits include:
- Copal: A younger, less fossilized resin that is often mistaken for amber. It is softer and less durable.
- Plastic: Various plastics are used to mimic amber's appearance.
- Glass: Glass can be colored to resemble amber but lacks the characteristic warmth and inclusions of real amber.
Can I test amber at home to know if it’s real or fake?
While home tests like the saltwater and heat tests provide some clues, they are not definitive. Combining several tests increases the accuracy of your assessment, but a professional appraisal remains the most reliable method, particularly for valuable pieces. Always be cautious when using the heat test and never expose amber to direct flame.
How much does testing amber cost?
The cost of professional amber testing varies based on the gemologist's location, experience, and the size/value of the amber piece. Expect to pay a fee for a professional appraisal.
Remember, while these methods offer helpful indicators, a combination of tests provides the most reliable assessment. Always exercise caution when performing tests, and consider professional appraisal for high-value or precious pieces.
